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What is Amplicon Sequencing?

• Uses specific primers to amplify target DNA regions via PCR, followed by Sanger sequencing.
• Ideal for analyzing known sequences with high accuracy and reliability.

📋 Workflow

1. Primer design
2. PCR amplification of target region
3. Purification and Sanger sequencing
4. Sequence analysis and comparison

🎯 Applications

• Mutation detection and SNP validation
• Species identification (e.g., COI, 16S)
• Microbial strain analysis
• CRISPR editing verification
• Sequence confirmation in molecular cloning

⭐ Key Benefits

• High accuracy
• Suitable for small sample numbers
• Cost-effective and easy to perform

What is Plasmid Sequencing?

• Uses Sanger sequencing to read part or all of a plasmid DNA sequence.
• Typically performed using universal primers or custom-designed primers.

📋 Workflow

1. Plasmid DNA extraction
2. Primer selection (e.g., M13, T7, or custom)
3. Sanger sequencing reaction
4. Sequence analysis and verification

🎯 Applications

• Validate gene construct accuracy
• Confirm insert sequence and orientation
• Detect mutations or splice sites
• Prepare sequences for database submission (e.g., GenBank)

⭐ Key Benefits

• High accuracy with ~600–1000 bp read length
• Suitable for small inserts or full plasmid sequencing
• Fast, easy, and cost-effective

What is Amplicon Sequencing (Short-Read)?

• Uses PCR to amplify specific target regions of DNA.
• Sequencing is performed using Illumina’s short-read platforms (e.g., MiSeq).
• Suitable for analyzing specific genes or markers across many samples.

📋 Workflow

1. Primer design (target-specific)
2. PCR amplification of target regions
3. Library preparation and indexing
4. Illumina short-read sequencing
5. Data analysis and variant calling

🎯 Applications

• Microbiome profiling (e.g., 16S/ITS)
• Pathogen detection
• Genetic variation and SNP analysis
• Environmental DNA (eDNA) studies
• Cancer hotspot mutation screening

⭐ Key Benefits

• High-throughput and cost-efficient
• Ideal for multiplexing large sample sets
• High sensitivity for low-frequency variants
• Suitable for targeted regions up to ~600 bp

What is Plasmid Sequencing (Short-Read)?

• Uses Illumina sequencing to obtain high-coverage, high-accuracy reads of plasmid DNA.
• Ideal for full plasmid verification or multiplexed plasmid analysis.

📋 Workflow

1. Plasmid DNA extraction
2. Fragmentation and library preparation
3. Illumina short-read sequencing
4. Assembly and sequence verification

🎯 Applications

• Full plasmid sequence confirmation
• Detection of point mutations, indels, or rearrangements
• High-throughput screening of plasmid libraries
• QC for plasmid-based gene therapy or vaccine vectors

⭐ Key Benefits

• Ultra-high accuracy and depth
• Suitable for large plasmids and pooled samples
• Allows full plasmid reconstruction
• Scalable and automation-friendly

What is Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS)?

• Sequences the entire human genome, including coding and non-coding regions.
• Provides the most comprehensive view of genetic variation.

📋 Workflow

1. Genomic DNA extraction
2. Library preparation
3. Illumina short-read sequencing
4. Read alignment and variant analysis

🎯 Applications

• Comprehensive mutation detection (SNPs, indels, CNVs, SVs)
• Population genetics and evolutionary studies
• Disease gene discovery
• Cancer genomics and precision medicine

⭐ Key Benefits

• Covers the entire genome
• High data quality and depth
• Ideal for discovery-based research
• Supports large-scale studies and biobanks

What is Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing?

• Randomly sequences all DNA in a sample to profile entire microbial communities.
• Provides insights into both taxonomy and functional potential (genes, pathways).

📋 Workflow

1. DNA extraction from environmental or biological samples
2. Library preparation
3. Illumina short-read sequencing
4. Taxonomic classification and functional annotation

🎯 Applications

• Microbiome profiling (gut, soil, marine, etc.)
• Detection of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes
• Environmental and industrial microbial studies
• Functional analysis of complex communities

⭐ Key Benefits

• Species- and strain-level resolution
• Simultaneous detection of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and more
• Functional gene profiling (not just "who", but "what they do")
• Culture-independent and unbiased

What is RAD-seq?

• A reduced-representation sequencing method that targets DNA regions near restriction enzyme cut sites.
• Efficient for genotyping across the genome without sequencing the whole genome.

📋 Workflow

1. Genomic DNA digestion with restriction enzymes
2. Adapter ligation and PCR amplification
3. Library preparation and Illumina sequencing
4. SNP discovery and genotyping

🎯 Applications

• Population genetics and phylogenetics
• Linkage mapping and QTL analysis
• Genomic selection and marker development
• Studies of non-model organisms

⭐ Key Benefits

• Cost-effective genome-wide variant discovery
• Works without a reference genome
• Suitable for large numbers of samples
• High-resolution genotyping for evolutionary studies

What is Long-Read WGS?

• Uses Nanopore sequencing to read very long DNA fragments, capturing full structural information.
• Enables accurate assembly and detection of complex variants across the entire genome.

📋 Workflow

1. High-molecular-weight DNA extraction
2. Library preparation (no PCR required)
3. Nanopore long-read sequencing
4. Read alignment and genome analysis

🎯 Applications

• Structural variant detection (SVs, CNVs, inversions)
• De novo genome assembly
• Disease gene discovery and genome phasing
• Cancer genomics and epigenetic analysis (e.g., methylation)

⭐ Key Benefits

• Ultra-long reads for resolving complex regions
• PCR-free workflow preserves native DNA modifications
• Detects variants missed by short-read methods
• Enables full haplotype phasing and improved assembly

What is Long-Read Plasmid Sequencing?

• Uses Nanopore sequencing to read entire plasmid molecules in a single run.
• Provides complete, circularized plasmid sequences without assembly gaps.

📋 Workflow

1. Plasmid DNA extraction (high purity)
2. Library preparation (minimal fragmentation)
3. Nanopore long-read sequencing
4. Circular assembly and variant analysis

🎯 Applications

• Full plasmid verification (including insert, backbone, and junctions)
• Detection of mutations, rearrangements, or contamination
• Characterization of gene therapy or vaccine vectors
• Synthetic biology construct validation

⭐ Key Benefits

• Complete plasmid reconstruction in one read
• High accuracy and structural resolution
• PCR-free workflow preserves native sequence context
• Fast turnaround and scalable for multiple constructs

What is Microbial WGS (Long-Read)?

• Uses Nanopore sequencing to generate complete microbial genomes in single runs.
• Enables accurate assembly of chromosomes, plasmids, and mobile elements.

📋 Workflow

1. High-quality microbial DNA extraction
2. Library preparation (PCR-free)
3. Nanopore long-read sequencing
4. De novo assembly and genome annotation

🎯 Applications

• Complete microbial genome reconstruction
• Identification of plasmids, phages, and resistance genes
• Comparative genomics and strain typing
• Pathogen surveillance and outbreak tracing

⭐ Key Benefits

• Resolves repetitive regions and structural variants
• Generates finished, circular genomes
• Culture-independent and fast
• Ideal for clinical, environmental, or industrial strains

What is Long-Read Amplicon Sequencing?

• Uses Nanopore sequencing to read full-length PCR amplicons.
• Enables sequencing of long or complex regions that are difficult for short-read platforms.

📋 Workflow

1. Target-specific PCR amplification
2. Barcoding and library preparation
3. Nanopore long-read sequencing
4. Consensus building and variant analysis

🎯 Applications

• Full-length 16S/ITS rRNA gene profiling
• HLA genotyping and immune repertoire analysis
• Detection of structural variants in specific genes
• Pathogen identification and strain-level resolution

⭐ Key Benefits

• Long reads cover entire amplicons in single reads
• No assembly required, less bias
• High-resolution taxonomic and genetic analysis
• Scalable and multiplex-friendly

What is Long-Read Metagenomic Sequencing?

• Uses Nanopore sequencing to directly sequence all DNA in a sample without amplification.
• Captures complete microbial genomes and resolves complex communities.

📋 Workflow

1. DNA extraction from environmental or clinical samples
2. Library preparation (PCR-free)
3. Nanopore long-read sequencing
4. Taxonomic and functional analysis

🎯 Applications

• Microbiome analysis at species or strain level
• Detection of antimicrobial resistance genes and plasmids
• Viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogen identification
• Real-time monitoring of environmental or clinical samples

⭐ Key Benefits

• Full-length reads enable species- and strain-level resolution
• No PCR bias; captures low-abundance or novel organisms
• Enables genome reconstruction from metagenomic data
• Fast and portable sequencing for field applications

What is PacBio Amplicon Sequencing?

• Uses PacBio’s HiFi long reads to sequence full-length amplicons with high accuracy.
• Ideal for complex or repetitive regions, and for distinguishing closely related variants.

📋 Workflow

1. Target-specific PCR amplification
2. SMRTbell library preparation
3. PacBio long-read sequencing (HiFi reads)
4. Consensus sequence generation and analysis

🎯 Applications

• Full-length 16S/ITS rRNA profiling
• HLA typing and immune repertoire analysis
• Detection of rare variants and gene isoforms
• Amplicon-based microbial community studies

⭐ Key Benefits

• High accuracy (HiFi reads ≥99.9%)
• Full-length reads without assembly
• Resolves complex or repetitive regions
• Ideal for highly similar sequences or low-frequency variants

What is Pharmacogenetic qPCR Testing?

• Detects genetic variants that affect drug metabolism, efficacy, or risk of adverse reactions.
• Based on real-time PCR for rapid and reliable genotyping.

📋 Workflow

1. Sample collection (e.g., buccal swab or blood)
2. DNA extraction
3. qPCR amplification with gene-specific probes
4. Genotype analysis and interpretation

🎯 Applications

• Personalized medicine and drug response prediction
• Dose adjustment for anticoagulants, antidepressants, etc.
• Identifying poor/rapid metabolizers (e.g., CYP2D6, CYP2C19)
• Reducing risk of adverse drug reactions

⭐ Key Benefits

• Fast, accurate, and cost-effective
• Compatible with clinical sample types
• Easy-to-use format for clinical labs
• Enables precision treatment decisions

What is TSO500?

• A comprehensive NGS panel for analyzing 500+ cancer-related genes.
• Detects multiple variant types including SNVs, indels, CNVs, fusions, and biomarkers like TMB & MSI.

📋 Workflow

1. DNA/RNA extraction from FFPE or fresh samples
2. Library preparation and hybrid capture
3. Illumina sequencing (NextSeq/NovaSeq)
4. Bioinformatic analysis and clinical interpretation

🎯 Applications

• Comprehensive tumor profiling
• Identification of actionable mutations and drug targets
• Tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) analysis
• Support for precision oncology and immunotherapy decisions

⭐ Key Benefits

• All-in-one assay for solid tumor characterization
• High sensitivity and specificity
• Compatible with clinical sample types (FFPE)
• Enables personalized cancer treatment strategies

What is Hereditary Disease Testing?

• Analyzes inherited genetic variants associated with hereditary disorders.
• Helps assess disease risk, carrier status, and guide family planning.

📋 Workflow

1. Sample collection (blood or saliva)
2. DNA extraction and library preparation
3. NGS or panel-based sequencing
4. Variant interpretation and clinical reporting

🎯 Applications

• Screening for inherited cancer syndromes (e.g., BRCA1/2)
• Carrier testing for autosomal recessive disorders
• Genetic diagnosis of rare diseases
• Family risk assessment and genetic counseling

⭐ Key Benefits

• Early detection and prevention
• Supports personalized treatment decisions
• Informative for reproductive planning
• Comprehensive panels for multiple conditions

What is Oligo Synthesis?

• Chemical synthesis of short, single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA sequences.
• Customized for specific research, diagnostic, or therapeutic purposes.

📋 Workflow

1. Sequence design and order placement
2. Automated phosphoramidite synthesis
3. Deprotection and purification
4. Quality control (e.g., MALDI-TOF, OD260)

🎯 Applications

• PCR, qPCR, and RT-PCR primers
• Probes for molecular diagnostics
• Gene editing (e.g., CRISPR guide RNAs)
• siRNA, antisense, or aptamer research

⭐ Key Benefits

• High purity and customization options
• Fast turnaround and scalable production
• Modified bases, labels, and delivery formats available
• Reliable support for research and clinical needs

What is Whole Gene Synthesis?

• De novo synthesis of complete gene sequences without using a DNA template.
• Allows for codon optimization, sequence modification, and cloning into desired vectors.

📋 Workflow

1. Sequence design or optimization
2. Fragment assembly and error correction
3. Cloning into plasmid/vector
4. Sequence verification and delivery

🎯 Applications

• Protein expression and functional studies
• Synthetic biology and pathway engineering
• Vaccine and antibody development
• CRISPR/Cas gene editing templates

⭐ Key Benefits

• Fully customizable gene design
• Codon optimization for target species
• Ready-to-use cloned constructs
• Saves time compared to traditional cloning

What is mRNA-seq?

• Uses Illumina sequencing to profile gene expression by sequencing messenger RNA (mRNA).
• Captures a snapshot of active genes in cells or tissues.

📋 Workflow

1. RNA extraction
2. mRNA enrichment or rRNA depletion
3. cDNA synthesis and library preparation
4. Illumina sequencing
5. Transcript quantification and analysis

🎯 Applications

• Differential gene expression analysis
• Biomarker discovery
• Pathway and functional analysis
• Disease mechanism research (e.g., cancer, infection)
• Drug response and toxicogenomics

⭐ Key Benefits

• High sensitivity and reproducibility
• Suitable for a wide range of samples
• Enables whole-transcriptome analysis
• Scalable for large sample numbers

What is Whole Exome Sequencing (WES)?

• Targets and sequences all protein-coding regions (exons) of the human genome.
• Covers ~1–2% of the genome but contains ~85% of known disease-related variants.

📋 Workflow

1. Genomic DNA extraction
2. Exome capture/enrichment
3. Library preparation and Illumina sequencing
4. Variant calling and annotation

🎯 Applications

• Rare disease gene discovery
• Cancer genomics and somatic mutation analysis
• Inherited disease and carrier screening
• Personalized and precision medicine

⭐ Key Benefits

• Focused on clinically relevant regions
• Cost-effective compared to whole-genome sequencing
• High coverage and accuracy
• Scalable for large cohort studies

What is Oligo Synthesis?

• Chemical synthesis of short, single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA sequences.
• Customized for specific research, diagnostic, or therapeutic purposes.

📋 Workflow

1. Sequence design and order placement
2. Automated phosphoramidite synthesis
3. Deprotection and purification
4. Quality control (e.g., MALDI-TOF, OD260)

🎯 Applications

• PCR, qPCR, and RT-PCR primers
• Probes for molecular diagnostics
• Gene editing (e.g., CRISPR guide RNAs)
• siRNA, antisense, or aptamer research

⭐ Key Benefits

• High purity and customization options
• Fast turnaround and scalable production
• Modified bases, labels, and delivery formats available
• Reliable support for research and clinical needs

What is Whole Gene Synthesis?

• De novo synthesis of complete gene sequences without using a DNA template.
• Allows for codon optimization, sequence modification, and cloning into desired vectors.

📋 Workflow

1. Sequence design or optimization
2. Fragment assembly and error correction
3. Cloning into plasmid/vector
4. Sequence verification and delivery

🎯 Applications

• Protein expression and functional studies
• Synthetic biology and pathway engineering
• Vaccine and antibody development
• CRISPR/Cas gene editing templates

⭐ Key Benefits

• Fully customizable gene design
• Codon optimization for target species
• Ready-to-use cloned constructs
• Saves time compared to traditional cloning